Atomic number 11 is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Na (Natrium within Latin) and atomic total Xi. Atomic number 11 occurs as easy, waxen, silvery reactive metal belonging to the alkali metals that is abundant in natural compounds (especially halite). These are extremely reactive, burns sustaining the yellow flaming, reacts violently using water and oxidizes around air (which is why pure atomic number 11 must become stored in oil).

Notable characteristics
Such as a more alkali metals, sodium occurs as easy, weak-weight, silvery whiten, reactive element that is never discovered as a pure element within nature and severity. Na floats within water, when well as decomposing it to release hydrogen gas and hydroxide ions. within case ground to the ticket plenty powder, atomic number 11 may ignite spontaneously in fluids.

Under extreme pressure, atomic number 11 departs from either standard system for changing to the liquidness. Virtually all materials want further thermal energy to melt under pressure than they clean at normal atmospheric pressure. This is due to a fact that the molecules come packed nigher together & use less room to move.

At the pressure of Thirty gigapascals (300,00Days sea level atmospheric pressure), atomic number 11's melting temperature begins to drop. At about One c gigapascals, na may melt at nigh room temperature.

The imaginable explanation for the deviate behavior of atomic number 11 is that this element has of these loose electron that is pushed closer to the more Decade negatron after situated under pressure forcing interaction that is non commonly present. When under pressure, firm na assumes many odd crystal structures suggesting that the liquid will use at times unusual properties like superconduction or superfluidity. (Gregoryanz, et al., 2005)

Applications
Atomic number 11 inside its metal form is an essential component in the making of esters and in the manufacture of organic compounds. This alkali metal is as well the component of sodium chloride (NaCl) which is vital to life. More utilizes: In certain alloys to improve their structure. In soap (in combination using fatty acids). To descale (produce its surface smooth) metal. To purify molten metals. In sodium vapor lamps, an efficient means of producing weak from either electricity. As the heat transport fluid within a few types of nuclear reactors.

NaCl, a compound of atomic number 11 ions & chloride ions, is an important heat transfer material.

History
Na (English, soda) has long been recognized around compounds, however was non isolated until 1807 by Sir Humphry Davy through the electrolysis of caustic soda. Inside medieval Europe a compound of sodium by using a Latin name of sodanum was used as a headache remedy. Atomic number 11's symbol, Na, comes for the neo-Latin name for a most common atomic number 11 compound known as natrium, which comes from either a Greek nítron, a rather natural salt. When early when 1860 Kirchhoff and Bunsen noted the sensitivity by using which the fire line 3 text for Na can be. Stating around Annalen 500 Physik und five hundred Chemie in the paper "Chemical Analysis by Observation of Spectra": "In a corner of our 60 cu.m. room farthest away from the apparatus, we exploded 3 mg. of sodium chlorate with milk sugar while observing the nonluminous flame before the slit. After a few minutes, the flame gradually turned yellow and showed a strong sodium line that disappeared only after 10 minutes. From the weight of the sodium salt and the volume of air in the room, we easily calculate that one part by weight of air could not contain more than 1/20 millionth weight of sodium."

Occurrence
Atomic number 11 is comparatively abundant around stars anFive hundred the D spectral lines of this element are among a virtually all large around star weak. Atomic number 11 is astir Two.6% by weight of the Earth's crust making it a 4th virtually all abundant element overall & the virtually all abundant alkali metal. These are nowadays produced commercially through the electrolysis of completely dry amalgamate sodium chloride. This method is less expensive than a last method of electrolyzing sodium hydroxide. Metal na dollars and cents just about 15 to 20 United states cents by the pound (US$0.30/kg to United states$0.45/kg) around 1997 but reagent grade (ACS) sodium numbers all about America$35 by the pound (U.s.a.$75/kg) around 1990. These are a cheapest of 100% metals by volume.

Compounds
Sodium chloride, better known as park salt, is the usual compound of atomic number 11, however atomic number 11 occurs inside numerous more minerals, such as amphibole, cryolite, halite, soda niter, zeolite, etc. Na compounds come crucial to the chemical substance, glass, metal, paper, petroleum, soap, and textile industries. the measure of laundry detergent is usually a na salt of certain fatty acids.

A atomic number 11 compounds that come a first to industry come commons salt (NaCl), soda ash (Na₂CO₃), baking soda (NaHCO₃), caustic soda (NaOH), Chile saltpeter (NaNO₃), di- & tri-sodium phosphates, sodium thiosulfate (hypo, Na₂S₂O₃ · 5H_TwoO), & borax (Na₂B₄O₇ · 10H_DeuceO).

Isotopes
There are long dozen isotopes of sodium that develop been recognized. A merely stable isotope is Na-23. Na has ii radioactive cosmogenic isotopes (Na-22, half-life = 2.605 years; Na-2 dozen, half-life ≈ 15 hours).

Intense neutron radiation exposure (e.g., from either the nuclear criticality accident) converts some of the stable Na-23 within person blood plasma to Na-Two dozen. By with measurements of a concentration of this isotope, a neutron radiation dose to the victim may be computed.

Precautions
Na's powdery form is extremely explosive within the water system & a poison conjunct & uncombined using numbers of more elements. This metal should exist as handled carefully the least bit days. Na must become stored either inside an inert atmosphere, or under mineral oil (usually under kerosene).

Physiology and sodium ions
Atomic number 11 ions play the diverse role within numbers of physiologic processes. Irritable cells, e.g., rely on the entry of Na⁺ to stimulate the depolarization. An lesson of this is signal transduction in the human central nervous system .